Qallaher R.

Müstəqil tədqiqatçı, Şotlandiya, AB12 5SA, Aberdin, Qardner Drayv, 170: gallagher_ronnie@yahoo.co.uk

DOI: 10.35714/ggistrat20260100021

Xülasə. Pont–Xəzər regionunda Gec Pleystosen–Erkən Holosen keçidi dövründə hidroloji dəyişikliklərin dərk edilməsi Dördüncü dövr üçün həllini tapmamış elmi problemlərdən biri olaraq qalır. Mövcud modellər iqlim təsirini və buzul-izostatik tənzimləməni vurğulasa da, bir sıra geomorfoloji, çöküntü və bioloji müşahidələr mövcud çərçivələrə asanlıqla uyğunlaşdırıla bilmir.

Bu tədqiqat Xəzər, Qara dəniz, Aralıq dənizi və qonşu regionlardan əldə edilmiş dəlilləri sintez edərək, xüsusilə Azərbaycanın geomorfologiyasına diqqət yetirərək ümumiləşdirir. Yüksəkliklərə qalxmış terraslar, yüksək hündürlükdə sahil xətləri və dalğalar vasitəsilə dəyişdirilmiş palçıq vulkanı səthləri geniş qəbul edilmiş Xvalın yüksək səviyyəsindən (~+50 m mütləq hündürlük) xeyli daha yuxarı səviyyələrdə aşkar edilmişdir ki, bu da əvvəllər müəyyən edilməmiş hidroloji şəraitin mövcud ola biləcəyini göstərir. Əlavə dəlillərə ostrakod faunasının dəyişməsi, duzluluğa həssas taksonların yerdəyişməsi, anormal çöküntü qeydləri və Erkən Holosen dövründə Avrasiya boyunca hövzə bağlan­tılılığının dəyişdiyini göstərən əlamətlər daxildir.

Bütün bu müşahidələr birlikdə regional hidrologiyanın ümumi qəbul ediləndən daha dinamik və mürəkkəb olduğu şərhini dəstəkləyir. Əldə olunan məlumatlar vahid hadisə çərçivəsindən daha çox, su səviyyələrindəki dalğalanmalar, epizodik hövzə daşmaları, təbəqələşmiş axın rejimləri və Qara dəniz, Xəzər dənizi və qonşu hövzələr arasında dəyişkən əlaqəni özündə birləşdirən çoxfazalı sistemlə daha uyğunluq təşkil edir. Bu kontekstdə, genişlənmiş Pleystosen “Asiya Aralıq dənizi” haqqında əvvəlki konsepsiyalar işlək fərziyyə kimi yenidən nəzərdən keçirilir.

Tədqiqat həmçinin Qara dənizin yenidən birləşməsi problemini yenidən nəzərdən keçirərək, Bosfor vasitəsilə növbələşən çıxış və daxilolma fazalarının mövcud sübutları nə tam katastrofik, nə də yalnız tədrici modellərdən daha yaxşı izah edə biləcəyini irəli sürür. Şimali Afrika və Arktika kənarı daxil olmaqla daha geniş regional müqayisələr göstərir ki, hidroloji və ətraf mühit dəyişiklikləri zaman etibarilə eyni intervalda qruplaşmışdır.

Burada təqdim olunan interpretasiyalar ilkin xarakter daşısa da, onlar inteqrə olunmuş multidissiplinar tədqiqatların vacibliyini vurğulayır. Gələcək işlərdə sahil xətlərinin və terrasların geoxronoloji yaş təyininə, çöküntü kernlərinin tədqiqinə, hidrodinamik modelləşdirməyə və “Rəqəmsal Relyef Modeli (Digital Elevation Model – DEM) əsasında paleosahil xətlərinin rekonstruksiyasına üstünlük verilməlidir. Azərbaycanın fərqli geomorfologiyası Avrasiyanın Dördüncü dövr hidrologiyasına dair həll olunmamış məsələlərin aydınlaşdırılmasında həlledici rol oynaya bilər.

Açar sözlər: Ponto-Xəzər regionu, Erkən Holosen, Xəzər dənizinin səviyyəsi, Qara dəniz hidrologiyası, Dördüncü dövr paleohidrologiyası, hövzə əlaqəsi, dəniz transqressiyası, buzlaq-izostatik tənzimlənmə, paleosahil xətləri, “Asiya Aralıq dənizi”

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